Teaching Children Bicycle Safety

Follow these tips for safe bike riding:

• Make sure your child has the right equipment:

  • Have your child wear a helmet every time they ride a bike (see box below).

  • Make sure the bike is the correct size for the child. A bike that’s too big makes injuries more likely:

    • The child’s feet should reach the ground when they are seated.

    • The bike should fit your child at their current age. The child shouldn’t “grow into it.”

  • Make sure the type of bike matches your child’s abilities. For instance, gears and shifting can be confusing for a young child. Start your child with a one-speed and work up.

• Keep the bicycle in good repair. Inspect it often. Things to check include the brakes, the tire pressure, and the tightness of the chain.

• Make sure your child can be seen easily:

  • Dress your child in bright-colored or reflective clothing.

  • Don’t allow your child to ride when it’s dark. And if your child must ride at dawn or dusk, make sure they use reflectors and lights.

• Teach your child safe control of the bicycle:

  • Both hands should be kept on the bike’s handlebars.

  • Books and other items should be carried in a backpack or a basket attached to the bike.

  • Only one person should ride a bike at a time—no exceptions.

• Make sure your child never wears headphones while riding:

  • Your child needs to be able to hear oncoming traffic.

  • If the equipment falls out of your child’s ears, it could get tangled in the bike’s wheels, causing an accident.

• Make sure your child wears the right clothing:

  • Your child should wear sturdy, closed-toe shoes. No flip-flops or bare feet.

  • Loose-fitting clothing should be avoided. It could get caught in tire spokes.

Learning safety early can help ensure a lifetime of safe bicycle riding. Before your child starts riding, be sure to teach them the rules of riding, including:

• Bike riders should know how to use hand signals. These are used to let car drivers know what a bicyclist plans to do. Hand signals include:

  • Left turn: Left arm extended straight out

  • Right turn: Left arm bent up at the elbow, or right arm extended straight out

  • Stopping: Left arm bent down at the elbow

• As a rule, children under 10 years old should ride on the sidewalk, not on the road (even in the bike lane). Use your best judgment about whether your child is ready to ride on the road. Make sure they can demonstrate the skill and knowledge needed to keep safe.

• Before pulling into the street at an intersection, a bike rider should always:

  • Stop, look left, look right, and look left again.

  • Look back and yield to any traffic coming from behind.

• Bike riders should always watch for cars coming out of driveways, parking spaces, and parking lots.

• Bikes should always be ridden in the direction of traffic, never against it. They should also be ridden on the right side of the road.

• Bike riders should understand and obey all street signs, traffic lights, and crossing signals.

• Young children should always walk bikes through intersections.

• A bike rider should always assume that a driver can’t see them unless the driver makes eye contact.

Suggestions of what to teach your children about riding a bike: 

• Model good behavior. For instance, when riding a bike, make sure you stop fully at all stop signs. This teaches your child that “rolling” through stop signs is not acceptable.

• Have older siblings act as role models for younger ones. This “peer-to-peer” guidance can be helpful.

• Be firm. Let your child know that the rules must be followed, or else they don’t ride.

• Some kids, especially tweens (kids between 10 and 12 years old), think it’s “uncool” to wear a helmet. Let them know they can’t ride a bike without wearing a helmet.

• Look for local bicycle education classes that teach kids proper riding and traffic skills. Check out Safe Kids Worldwide at www.safekids.org or The League of American Bicyclists at www.bikeleague.org for more information.

One of the biggest risks from bicycle incidents is permanent brain injury. Wearing a helmet the right way greatly lessens your child’s chances of having a brain injury. Be sure to do the following:

• Start your child wearing a helmet at an early age. Introduce the helmet when your child starts riding a tricycle.

• Make sure the helmet is appropriate for the size and/or age of your child, and fits well. It should be level on top of the head, about two finger-widths above the eyebrows. It should not rock back and forth or side to side. The strap should be buckled and snug under the chin. For more information on helmet fit, visit the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration at www.nhtsa.gov or the CDC at www.cdc.gov and search for “helmet safety.”

• If you can, take the child to the store to try on the helmet before you buy it. This helps you find one that fits well. It's also helpful because a child who chooses their own helmet may be more likely to wear it. If you can’t bring your child to the store, measure their head before going to the store.

• Make sure there is a CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) sticker on the helmet. This means the helmet meets the CPSC standard for safety.

• Don’t use a helmet that has been in a crash. Discard it and buy a new one. A damaged helmet may not protect the head.

• Set a good example—wear a helmet yourself!